Let me explain how magnets work using analogies that will give you a physical understanding of the phenomena.
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Generated image from "Only visualize this idea. No text. Imagine a dance floor with a simple rule: dancers (electrons) with the same moves (spins) need more space between them due to social etiquette (Pauli exclusion principle). In ferromagnetic materials: When two dancers meet, it's energetically favorable for them to dance the same way (parallel spins) As one dancer starts doing a specific move, nearby dancers naturally follow along This creates "dance neighborhoods" (magnetic domains) where everyone is synchronized The "dance style" spreads from one dancer to the next - this propagation is the exchange interaction. Some dance floors (crystal structures) naturally encourage everyone to dance the same way, creating strong magnets." using DALL-E 3 from OpenAI.
Generated image from "A time-lapse of a stadium doing increasingly energetic waves. In the first frame, a perfect grid of glowing points shows almost perfect alignment. As the wave intensifies in subsequent frames, the points become increasingly chaotic and misaligned, eventually showing completely random orientations at the height of the wave's energy." using DALL-E 3 from OpenAI.
Generated image from "Imagine a stadium filled with people, each holding a flashlight. In normal materials, people are pointing their flashlights in random directions, so the overall stadium appears dim from above because the light is scattered in all directions." using DALL-E 3 from OpenAI.
